Archive for April, 2009
COMMENTARY: Most Interesting Comments of Forum Came from Pinero, Egger, Gouguet
Posted by admin in Local Politics & Issues on April 29th, 2009
- Egger: “I am a patient man. . .I will find the money.”
- Pinero: There was pressure from “leadership”
- Guoguet: We have got to “set priorities”
There were a lot of quotable responses to citizens who lined up to ask questions of the 12 of 17 candidates that attended the Chamber political forum on Monday, April 27. None of the incumbents running for office attended the forum. Also, all mayoral candidates were there except Sen. Ezell Lee. Although there were only about 80 persons attending the event, the question segment went on for about one-and-a-half hours. Here’s a small sample:
Question to Wayne Gouguet, candidate Precinct 5: Would you help us to understand how you would go about the financial oversight of the city?
Gouguet: “I think what we have seen over the past eight years is the instability in the position of city clerk and city manager. I think they have gotten a pretty good city clerk now. She’s doing a good job. I think the city council needs to be more adept at keeping up with whether we are or are not within budget. I believe there are going to have to be some priorities that have to be set. This year we increased taxes by $500,000 to meet the budget in 09. We can’t keep raising taxes. We are going to have to set priorities. There is going to be some hard decisions. We’ve got a lot of debt out there. There is more debt we have coming up in about 2 years that we will have to start paying for. A lot of debt is gradually coming up, and I think there is going to be some hard decisions in the years to come. We will have to get some economic development in here to help.”
Question to Pinero, mayoral candidate: You worked as city manager for a time. Please tell us in plain English what went on to cause us to lose a lot of money in the utility fund?
Pinero: “The No. 1 issue we had in losing dollars was the excessive turnover in city clerks and city managers. About the time you would get a qualified city clerk and they would get the grasp of the budget or where the problems were created, that person received such pressure when it was time to fix them, from the leadership, quite frankly, the people moved on. ..Sometimes to fix a problem you are going to have to lose some votes, but I think in the aggregate you actually gain votes by taking a leadership stance to fix it and taking the pressure off the employees.”
Question to Egger: What would you do to fix the financial problems of the city?
Egger: “I am a patient man. I will find the money. I will find out what happened. . . They (incumbents running for office) should be here. You know they make about $300 per hour while they set over there. Even if they don’t come to the meetings, they still get paid. . .I have lived in Picayune 41 years, and I have never seen our city in the shape it is in now. Our streets are falling apart; our sewer system is collapsing; and no one seems to know what to do about it. Where is all our money that we got from Katrina? There were grants, funds that were forgiven; it’s hard to get anything out of the city over there. ”
I personally was interested in the comment by Pinero about the pressure placed on employees by what he termed “the leadership,” which, I reckon he means by council members.
I think we all, including the current council, need a little briefing here on how the city manager-council form of government is supposed to work. There actually is not supposed to be any interaction between council members and city employees as relates to employee jobs and city business.
The way the council-city manager form of government is set up is supposed to take as much pressure like that, called political pressure, out of our city government. Our current form of government was voted in here during the early 1950s when a political dispute between powerful business interests at the time tore the city apart financially and caused the resignation of a mayor.
It works if the council stays out of the employees’ work and business. The council is supposed under our system to be like a board of directors. If they have a problem, they have to work with and through the city manager, who operates like a chief executive. He hires and fires and runs the everyday operations of the city. He is like the Chief Executive. The City Clerk is like the chief financial officer for a corporation.
If the council is not satisfied with the conduct and management of the city by the city manager, all it takes is four of the six votes on the council to fire him and get someone else. The council is supposed to set broad general policy and consult with the city manager to see that that policy is carried out. Nothing else. If they did only what they were prescribed to do by policy, they might seem to be overpaid. I think the councilmen make $1,200 per month and the mayor $1,600. I have no problem with their pay, however, since they are called on to make the hard decision.
This mingling of councilmen in the business of the employees trying to do their job in the city is not supposed to be. If a councilman has a problem, he should go directly to the city manager, not an employee, thus overriding the very executive hired to solve these problems.
I realize it is very tempting and hard to resist getting involved in the day-to-day operations of the city if you are a councilman, but according to our form of government, that type of behavior is proscribed. If voters and the council here don’t like it that way, they can change the form of government we use, and elect a mayor to run the city.
There has been criticism about the city manager-council form of government, critics saying our form of government removes the decision maker, the city manager, away from the people. He is not elected; he is appointed by the council.
I really don’t know what form is the best. I think any form will work properly if people are honest, trustworthy and cooperative in their efforts to better our city, its people and government.
Councilman Watkins Charges He is being Intentionally not Informed about Projects in His District
Posted by admin in Local Politics & Issues on April 28th, 2009
- He says he is being “kept in the dark” about important information he needs to plan and complete projects in his north Picayune district.
Precinct 1 Councilman Larry Watkins, who is in a tough race for that seat with Jeff Lossett, has charged this week that he is being intentionally not informed of some matters pertaining to planned improvements in his district.
Watkins said he voted no in the Monday, April 27, council meeting on a citywide $295,000 paving project, that was equally divided among the five precincts. He said one reason for his negative vote was because a project of lighting Hwy. 43 North has lain dormant for months even though the money is there. He said he also voted no because the action Monday rescinded a March 24 council resolution that had already determined how the money should be divided.
The project called for installing street lights along Hwy. 43 North between Hwy. 11 and I-59. The section of 43 North is a main entrance to north Picayune and is very dark at night. Watkins said because the project was not done, he now faces a conflict of spending his money on roads or the lighting project.
In the most recent resolution adopted Monday, each district will get $59,000 for overlay and repair of streets.
The funds come from bond money the council has held since 2004-2005 fiscal year. It originally amounted to about $600,000 but over the years has dwindled down to about a $305,000 remaining balance, Watkins said.
Watkins said that there had been money in the state aid fund to do the project right now and “that it was kept hidden from me.”
He said a spokesman at Mississippi Power, which would have installed the lights, said MPC had been told by a city official that the project would not be done. The MPC official would not name the city official who told the MPC official it would not be done, Watkins said.
That came after the council had unanimously in a previous meeting voted to do the project, Watkins added.
“I am charging that I was intentionally kept in the dark on the project,” he said. “I want the people in my district to know what is going on in city hall when it comes to improvements in their area. It was going on before I got there, and it is still going on.”
“It seems to me that they think north Picayune is just here to pay taxes. They are not spending money in this district as they should. Look at a map,” he further charged.
“They have money right now that could be used on this project that they voted to do,” he said.
One report said that the council in last Monday’s meeting voted 4-1, with the mayor not casting a vote, to do the overlay project with bond monies that would take in all precincts, with the money being evenly divided about $59,000 to each district. Total funding is $295,000 in bond monies for the paving project. However, exactly what happened is, as usual, confusing.
Watkins said he understood the vote was 4-2, with him and Precinct 3 Councilwoman Anna Turnage voting no, too. “And for the vote to be 4-2, that means the mayor had to vote for the project also,” said Watkins. It takes four votes, a majority, to pass any policy or directives outlined by the council. If four votes can be arrived at among councilmen, sometimes the mayor does not have to vote, or can cast the deciding vote.
The council prompted criticism when it set the Monday, April 27, recessed meeting to discuss the overlay project at 6 p.m. because it conflicted with a Chamber-sponsored political forum in conjunction with the upcoming city elections in May.
Critics charged it was a cover so incumbent candidates wouldn’t have to attend the forum, but city officials said they had no choice but to go with the scheduled meeting because a delay could result in a loss of funds. Councilmen Leaverne Guy and Donald L. Parker, who both are seeking re-election, showed up at the Chamber forum, shaking hands, after the forum ended at about 8:30 p.m. Watkins, also running, did not show up, although he had previously said he was going to try and make the council and the chamber meetings.
We called Turnage about her vote on the paving project, and she so far has not returned our call.
The question remains: why would one, maybe two councilmen, vote no on a quarter-million dollar paving project for the city when streets are in such need of repair and overlay?
Monday’s decision overrode a resolution adopted on March 24, dividing up bond and federal funds among the districts amounting to about $1 million. The March 24 resolution had a stipulation in it that reduced some district’s allocation for paving funds by the amount of federal Economic Recovery Project funds they have received.
That stipulation would have drastically reduced a few precincts future monies. Precinct 4 Councilman Leaverne Guy protested and lobbied against the March 24 resolution since the stipulation would have reduced his paving funds and he said he was not present at the March 24 meeting. The council then decided to call up the issue again even though it had been adopted by a 4-vote majority already on March 24. It takes 4 votes to adopt a resolution.
The council then on Monday without any explanation voted a new division of the funds and left out the stipulation. Turnage and Watkins voted no, saying they stood on the original March 24 decision on splitting the funds and the stipulation.
Following is a breakdown of the roads proposed to be paved in the project and the costs:
Watkins’ Precinct 1 — Carleen Court $18,000; Fishhook Lane $23,000; Eagle Court $18,000.
Parker’s Prencinct 2 — Palm Street $16,000; 2nd Street $43,000.
Turnage’s Precinct 3 — Evangeline Drive $59,000.
Guy’s Precinct 4 — Betsy Drive $44,000; Rosa Street striping $15,000.
Bounds Precinct 5 — 2nd Street $19,500; 3rd Street $19,500; Rester Street $15,000; and Alley behind Magnolia Coffeehouse $5,000.
(Developing; more to come)
New City Clerk Says City In Line to Meet Budget Figures This Year
Posted by admin in Local Politics & Issues on April 28th, 2009
- Daniels is widely respected in state circles
- City’s budget amounts to about $9.6 million a year
- She says 2007-2008 audit should be in on time in Sept.
The new Picayune City Clerk said in an interview with “At-Large” that the city is in line to meet its budget projections for the current fiscal year, 2008-2009. The city runs a budget that totals about $9.6 million a year.
Priscilla Daniels, who has served as city clerk here since October, said that she also believes that the 2007-2008 city audit will be delivered on time in September.
If that is done, it will be the first time in several years that the audit will be delivered on time. The last available audit for the city for 2006-2007 came in seven to eight months late.
Daniels, who came out of retirement to take the Picayune job, worked for 25 years for the city of Petal, Miss. She retired in 2001 and was noted in state circles for keeping one of the best set of city books in Mississippi.
She once headed the state city clerk’s association, and a state auditor in Jackson, who knows her, told “At-Large,” “If she can’t get the books straightened out, then probably nobody can.”
Says Daniels, “I am not saying that we don’t have some problems, but we are in line for meeting our budget this year. We are half way through this year’s budget and we are where we are supposed to be.”
Under state law, the city clerk is responsible for keeping track of city finances. That’s just one of a clerk’s many duties. But the main job is keeping track of the money.
“I often tell people that the city clerk’s job is the second oldest profession,” Daniels said, jokingly. “As far back as you can go, even to the caveman, someone has been recording what the political leaders do.”
She said the general fund 2008-2009 budget is $9.6 million. The revenue to support the budget comes from the following sources: 20 percent from ad valorem taxes (mostly property), 47 percent from the state sales tax rebate, and the remaining 33 percent from court fines and fees charged for privilege licenses, franchise fees and varous state and federal grants.
She said that a person owning an average residential property valued at $100,000 in the City of Picayune paid in 2009 for 2008 property taxes the following:
- 22.66 mills, or $226.60 to the General Fund
- 3.92 mills, or $39.00 to debt service
- 2.00 mills, or $20 to library
- 0.25 mills, or $2.50 to fire protection
That comes to a grand total of 28.83 mills, or $288.30 to the city general fund. School taxes are 56.14 mills or $561.40 to the school fund. A mill is one-tenth of a penny.
Here’s how the money is spent:
- Beginning cash balance, $895,448 or 8 percent
- Council and Administration, $1.4 million or 15 percent
- Community Development and Retirement Development, $140,445, or 1 percent
- Zoning and planning and code enforcement, $165,158, or 2 percent
- Police dept., $2.8 million, or 30 percent
- Fire dept., $2.2 million, or 23 percent
- Streets, $1.4 million, or 16 percent
- Court, $168,024, or 2 percent
- Transfer to Long Term Debt, $282,000, or 3 percent
She said recreation and development is funded by the special one cent sales tax on prepared food in the city.
She said the utility dept. operates on a budget of $4.9 million funded entirely by the fees and payments for water and gas. The utility dept. is required to be self-supporting and stands separately from the general fund.
There is supposed not to be any transfers from the general fund to the utility fund because that would mean that taxpayers who do not purchase gas from the city are subsidizing those who do.
But that has not been the case in recent years, when interfund transfers took place to make up for deficits in the utility dept. Some say losses were in the millions of dollars.
At one time under former City Manager Jack Reed during the 1950s and 1960s, the utility fund was used to support the general fund, but that was when two large industrial users pumped large sums of money into the gas dept. That is no longer the case, prompting some to suggest that Picayune should get rid of or sell the gas unit to a private company.
When the utility fund was helping support the general fund, Picayune was known statewide to have one of the lowest property tax rates in the state, but that is no longer the case.
Daniels said that a program to collect delinquent utility bills is being implemented and that the utility bill will be redesigned so that it will be more understandable to utility customers.
She said the city’s whole financial system, like a bank, is based on “trust.” She added, “You have to have confidence that people will do their prescribed jobs and do them to the best of their ability. Then if everyone works together and cooperates, things work out.”
Daniels worked at Petal as city clerk when Petal experienced explosive growth, as the city of Hattiesburg exploded in growth and fueled Petal’s economy, too.
After retiring in 2001, she and her husband moved to Ocean Springs, Miss., to be near her ill mother. Then Katrina wiped them out. In January she took her last treatment for an illness that had caused her retirement, and she says “the hand of God was in that.”
City Manager Harvey Miller hired her.
Daniels said almost 50 percent of the city’s general fund budget is supported by a state rebate of a portion of the 7 percent city sales tax businesses charge here on each retail sale.
She said the current budget needs on average about $377,000 in sales tax rebate money from the state to meet its budget. So far this year through March the city rebate has averaged that.
The largest one-month sales tax rebate check from the state occurred in February 2006 and was for $592,614, and reflected all the spending generated by Katrina rebuilding and the influx of refugees.
The latest settlement for March was $349,000 and February’s settlement was for $415,680.95.
“And we are flush with money right now because property tax monies are flowing in,” she said.
In addition to all this, Coast Electric and Mississippi Power are assessed a three percent tax on all their collections.
In the latest audit for 2006-2007 showed a balance in the utility fund of over $300,000. She said there has been a problem with collection of fines in the court system, but a plan has been implemented to solve that problem and collection of delinquent fines are way up.
“So, so far, we are holding our own,” she said.
Following are sales tax rebate amounts from the state for the fiscal year 2008-2009 through March:
October, $392,239.85; November, $381,296.07; December, $366,867.89; January, $358,769.07; February, $415,680.95; March, $349,000.
(developing, more to come)
About 150 Attend Pearl River Patriots Meeting
Posted by admin in Local Politics & Issues on April 28th, 2009
By JOHN DAVID FARRELL
At-Large Correspondent
About 150 persons attended the Pearl River Patriots meeting on Friday night, April 24, at 6 at the Church of the Way Gymnasium at the entrance to Hide-A-Lake.
Eric Norman, who emceed the gathering, said the group’s founder was ill and unable to attend.
“I hope you all realize the financial situation we are in, and we all are going along for the ride,” he said. Norman said he wanted the public to know that “we are not just a bunch of conspiracy nuts.” He added, “We are deeply concerned about the direction of our country.”
He presented a video developed by “Truth and Equity.com” showing how money is created inside the banking system. “The Federal Reserve is owned by the member banks,” he said.
Organizers also passed out information sheets seeking volunteers to man the proposed committees. Patriots are still attempting to organize after getting started in connection with the April 15 Tea Party here.
The local Tea Party was held in connection with thousands held all over America.
Patriots is more connected with Glenn Beck’s 9/12 Project rather than the Tea Party movement, Norman said. Beck is a conservative radio talk show host and Fox News commentator.
The Patriots website is Pearl River Patriots.com. They outline their plans on that website. Norman did not say when the next meeting would be held.
About 80 attend Chamber forum to query city office seekers
Posted by admin in Local Politics & Issues on April 27th, 2009
- All 4 incumbent candidates skip forum to attend conflicting council meeting held at same time
- Egger says he’ll find the money; adds its the worst government he has seen in 41 years;
- Pinero says he will take no salary, give it to the fire and police depts.
About 80 persons attended the Chamber forum in the high school auditorium on Monday night, April 27, and 12 of the 17 candidates seeking a city council seat showed up at the forum. In the meantime the city council met at the same time at city hall in a meeting that conflicted directly with the forum.
The council has told the press that they had to meet to decide how to split up funds among five districts for paving projects. However other candidates charged the meeting was set to give the incumbents running for office cover or an excuse for not attending the forum.
Councilman Leaverne Guy and Councilman Donald L. Parker appeared at the forum shortly after it ended about 8:30 p.m. It began at 6 p.m. Both Guy and Parker are running for re-election. They had come from the council meeting that had just adjourned.
The candidates were seated on stage. Attending in the mayor’s race were Frank Egger, Ed Pinero and Mark Thorman. Mayoral candidate State Senator Ezell Lee was absent.
In the councilmanic races, in Precinct 1, attending was Jeff Lossett. Incumbent Larry Watkins, who had signed up to attend the forum, was at the council meeting and did not show up at the forum.
In Precinct 2, present were Lynn Bogan Bumpers, Kimberly R. Chapman and Robert Jefferson. Parker was not present. He was at the council meeting. However, he appeared at the auditorium shortly after the forum ended.
In Precinct 3, Todd Lane was present, but incumbent Anna Bales Turnage was at the council meeting and absent from the forum.
In Precinct 4, Larry E. Breland attended, and Guy was at the council meeting and showed up shortly after the forum ended.
In Precinct 5, all three candidates, all Republicans, were present — Howard Alexander, Wayne Gouguet and Jeff Harrington.
Each candidate was given three minutes to introduce himself, and then the candidates fielded questions from the audience. Questions from the audience had to be directed to a specific candidate.
Lossett said he decided to run after praying about it. “We as a city, now is the time we can make a difference. We can pick a new mayor and new city council members,” he said. “They (the voters) can take the city in a new direction.”
He pointed to management of city finances as an issue. “If we have to go outside city government to get help to make a budget then that’s what we need to do,” he added. He said well-qualified people should be named to the school board and as city manager and “then let them do their job.” He also pointed to the need for more openness in the way the council handles city business.
Bumpers said she had tried and failed to be elected four years ago but “I am not going to give up.” She said she wanted to work with all types of people to make Picayune a better place in which to live, and she pointed to youth and senior citizens as a great concern to her. “I will fight for all the precincts, not just precinct 2,” she said.
Chapman said, “This is a time when our city needs to revitalize itself.” She said she wants to work with the youth and elderly. She said the young people are leaving Picayune to make careers in other cities. She said she would make sure there is open communication between everyone in her district. ”We need to role up our sleeves in district 2 and get to work, and it can be done,” she added.
Jefferson said he was better known as “Mr. J.” He added, “We got a puzzle, and let’s put this puzzle together.” He said he is emphasizing help for the senior citizens. Their needs have been neglected for a long time, he added. “We need to step up to the plate,” he said. “Our senior citizens need our help now.” He called for his district to work and “pull together.”
Lane said we have problems in the utility dept., drainage dept. ”We have ineffective government as evidenced by tonight,” he said, referring to the fact that no incumbents running for office were in attendance. Lane said he did not need the income from the job, and added he was running because “Picayune needs some new leadership in a desperate way.”
Breland said that he had been urged to run by friends but had refused. However, he said he prayed about it “and it changed my mind.” He added, “I am not going to say anything negative about my opponent but we all know there are things in the city that need to be changed.” He said one of the main issues is the city’s financial problems, and added, “City officials should be accountable for the financial affairs of the city.” He said safety of residents, especially the elderly, was also a great concern. “I did not realize that there are some senior citizens who are afraid to go into their houses at night,” he said.
Alexander said we have a crime and drug problem in the county and city and added, “Cyrstal meth is epidemic in this county.” He said we need to make an effort to protect our young people and give them a “safe haven” in which to operate. He said after he and his wife graduated from college they chose to move back to Picayune because they felt it was the best place to rear a family. He said traffic congestion and the financial mismanagement of the city are also issues in the race.
Gouguet said he chose to run because he was not satisfied with the direction “the council has gone.” He said transparency, openness, was a concern for him, and added he felt too many decision are being made behind closed doors. Secondly, is the stability of the city workforce. He said over the last eight years the city has gone through five city managers and eight city clerks. “We must get politics out of city hall,” he said. Next, he said the city’s debt is a concern. Over eight years the city’s debt has gone from about $2 to over $11 million. He said the council is currently working on a contract that will add another $2 million to city debt. He said although taxes have gone up “we don’t see any improvement in our infrastructure and roads.” He added, “We must restore the trust between the taxpayers and city hall.”
Harrington said he chose to run to try and do something for the young people and the handicapped. He said also that the city needs to prepare for economic growth. “I seen stores close on Main Street after being open for just a while,” he said. He said he sees the growth moving toward Picayune from the south because he works in New Orleans, and added, “We need to be ready for it.”
Egger, in what is one of the more blunt comments of the night, said, “I am Frank Egger, and I have lived in Picayune for 41 years, and I have never seen our city in the shape it is in now.” He added, “Our streets are falling apart; our sewer system is collapsing; and no one seems to know what to do about it.” He continued: “Where is all our money we got from Katrina. It’s hard to get anything (information) out of the city over here, and I have really, really tried.” He said he was arrested one time for being so persistence in demanding answers. He said we need to do more for senior citizens.
Pinero said he has a plan to solve the city’s financial problems and that the city also has infrastructure problems. And in a jesture seldom seen in politics, Pinero said that if he is elected mayor he will forego a salary and donate it to the police and fire depts. The mayor makes about $1,600 a month. Pinero said the leadership from the mayor’s office was lacking. Pinero is a former college professor and city manager of Picayune.
Thorman said he will work deligently with everyone to get finances on track, to support the police and firemen. “I don’t make many promises but I promise to be very loyal to this town,” he said. He expressed concern for youth and senior citizens. He said he has no conflicts of interest. He said he would be bi-partisan. “We have got to get together and drop this partisan politics that have ate up this country and this town,” he said. “I won’t be behind a desk. You will see me on the streets,” he added.
(developing; more to come)
COMMENTARY: There Has Been Much Comment About Buddy McDonald’s Speech at April 15 Tea Party
Posted by admin in Local Politics & Issues on April 26th, 2009
There has been much comment about former DA Buddy McDonald’s speech at the April 15 Tea Party held in front of the old City Hall on Goodyear Blvd.
McDonald’s speech was anti-tax and he said that we are being threatened by socialism because we have allowed politicians to do it and have not been in their face about it.
McDonald is a Picayune attorney and is the son of the late Claiborne and Edith McDonald. The family owns McDonald Funeral Home.
I will never forget that back in the 1980s, when he was an assistant DA, I was covering for the Item and Democrat the preliminary hearing for ”Boy” Frierson, who murdered four members of his family in Nicholson.
It was supposed to be a preliminary proceeding and I was not expecting a full-scale defense by court-appointed attorneys for Frierson, and I don’t think McDonald was either.
But the defense paraded psychiatrists and other experts on the stand. It came Buddy’s turn and he literally flew into a staccato presentation, waving his hands and sounding like Perry Mason, pacing back and forth. He looked more like a Baptist preacher than a DA.
I could see that Frierson, sitting at the defense table was growing more and more angry as McDonald landed salvo after salvo. I noticed that Frierson had a wrapped hamburger in front of him that had been brought to him by a deputy.
All of a sudden, he leaped from his chair, unwrapped the hamburger and slung it across the room at McDonald, who ducked, much like President Bush when the shoe was slung at him. The deputies immediately swarmed all over Frierson and drug him from the courtroom.
We headlined the story in the Democrat that week: “DA assaulted with hamburger.”
That’s a true story.
Those wanting to see McDonald’s speech can do so by going to http://www.youtube.com/watch?V=DiPEeUNcT64.
We need to find some office and run this guy again for public office. His head and heart are in the right place, with us.
Old Section of Roseland Park Faces Conflicts in Rapid Growth
Posted by admin in Local Politics & Issues on April 25th, 2009
On Tuesday, April 21, Granville Stockstill and his wife, Judy, went before the Picayune City Council to complain about the continuing of what Judy told the council was overbuilding of duplex and apartment complexes in the old section of Roseland Park Community where she and Granville have lived for 30 years.
Her concern, she said, was that as the apartments and duplexes deteriorate and change hands over the coming years it will lower the value of the single family homes in the area, which is bounded by Carroll Street, Adcox, Hwy. 43 North and Hwy. 11.
One needs only take a drive around that circle to see what Judy is talking about. Apartments and duplexes line the streets. There currently are about 15 under construction in that area.
Council woman Anna Turnage’s district takes some of that area and she told one official that she would like a count on how many vacancies there are citywide. She did not make clear exactly why she wanted that information.
The council also tabled a request from Kent Whitfield that a piece of property he owns in the area be sub-divided into two pieces. It was not clear whether Whitfield plans to build a duplex or single family structure, but he was noticeably perturbed by the council’s action of not approving his request. The council tabled it.
He repeatedly told the council that his property meets all requirements for an R2 residential zoning, which his property is zoned. Whitfield said he had 17 people call him looking for an apartment. He owns other rental property in that same area, but all his rentals are full, he said.
The issue was highlighted when Judy turned to Whitfield during the meeting and asked him, “Would you want to be surrounded by apartments and duplexes in the neighborhood in which you live?”
Whitfield replied, “I would live in any house, duplex or apartments I build. In fact, me and my family have lived in them in the past.” Whitfield is a CPA, based in Picayune.
As usual, government policy is pushing the massive construction going on in Roseland Park. There is a state subsidy program that allows developers to receive money up front in constructing the new buildings.
It will be interesting to see the results of Turnage’s survey on demand for rentals. In the meatime, construction continues, the council ponders, the Stockstills worry about the value of their property and Whitfield waits for his approval.
After the meeting, Granville replied, “It’s a losing battle for us.”
Whitfield on Wednesday, April 29, said he was withdrawing his request that his lots in the area be split. “We have gotten an extension on the project and it is not necessary we have a decision on it right now, he said.
PART 2: Roseland Park History Continues. . .
A WALK THROUGH THE PARK IN THE 1950s
Installment No. 2:
(In Part 1, Mary Alice Penton told about the founders of Roseland Park Baptist Church establishing it first in an old dance hall near where Mickey’s Quick Stop at Hwys. 43 and 11 is now located. But they weren’t there long. They moved into a newly built structure, but tragedy was to strike in the form of a devastating fire.)
Later the group left the dance hall and constructed a building out of rough-sawn lumber at the corner of Megehee Lane and West Sycamore, on what we knew as the “Green Spot” in the 1950s. Otto and Dolph Stockstill cut the lumber for the church. It had two attached side rooms for Sunday school, but Mary Alice remembers having Sunday school out under the trees, and even in a car onetime when it rained. Brother Web Nix was called as the pastor. “I especially remember him, because every time he gave the invitation he would start crying,” she said. Church records show Nix served from January 1935 to June 1937. He was the church’s first “called” pastor.
For light for night services they had lanterns which had little fans behind them to keep the glass chimneys cool, and that was what church members believe was the cause of a fire that burned the structure down. Someone evidently forgot to blow out all the lights. They then purchased property where the church is now located, in the corner of East Sycamore and Hwy. 11, and first built a large white church and parsonage, and later in 1960 constructed the present redbrick structure. Part of the original site was purchased from “Grandpa” Thigpen for $600. Some say Grandpa donated the land.
“The thing was back then that nobody had any money. It was the Depression, and I remember the Sunday offering seldom got past $5,” she said. Mary Alice remembers that one evangelist, after preaching, passed the offering plate for a special offering for himself and pulled out $2 when he got the plate back. “ He just up and told the congregation that that was not enough to get him back from where he came, and he was going to pass the plate again. One fellow in the congregation stood up and told him, ‘Preacher, it ain’t no use. You dun got all we got’,” she said he said. She added, “We were poor back then, but we were equally poor, and nobody realized how poor we really were.”
A church official history says that was a Brother Jesse Hedgepetch, who commuted on a train from Monticello, Miss. He needed $3 for fare, and when the hat came back it had in it $1.10.
After World War II, Roseland Park really began to grow. In fact there were so many families that moved into the community, that the streets were crawling with kids, probably way more than now inhabit the community. Roseland Park’s vacation Bible school was literally packed each summer when it was held. It was so big that a parade was held through town each year announcing its start. It was one of the big events of the year in the community. In fact, the church experienced one of its biggest growth spurts during the late 1950s when Rev. Ed Griffin was pastor. That’s when the current brick structure was built. But Mary Alice remembers the rough times. “Many of the first pastors supplemented their meager salaries with potatoes, tomatoes and other produce donated to them by the congregation,” she said.
Mary Alice remembers that the early settlers of Roseland Park made do and were very inventive when it came to making a living or getting something they wanted. “We would always raid the chicken house and get a dozen eggs and take to Miss Powell and barter them off for candy and cold drinks. Or we would pick a gallon of blackberries and trade them to Miss Powell for candy or drinks,” she said.
With the possibility of making a mistake and also leaving someone out, I am going to list a number of families that I knew when growing up in Roseland Park during the 1950s. Please forgive me if I leave someone out.
I will start on my own street, Farrell Street. There was the Clinton Williams family that lived at the end of the street, who never missed a church service. There was Jake, Louise, Opal, Lucille and mother Maggie. Maggie is still alive living with her daughter in Summit. Mr. Clinton died about 20 years ago. They were the most frugal family I have ever known, squeezing the last cent out of each dollar they earned.
Next were the Lavignes, my favorite family because I grew up with the Lavigne boys. Mrs. Lavigne had 13 children. The boys I grew up with were twins Harold and Hooper, Steven, Johnny and Willie. They were absolutely the toughest bunch I have ever known, and I attribute my toughness today from being beat up on a daily basis by Harold and Hooper. Hooper later served as Picayune’s police chief.
Across from the Lavignes were the Rialses. I will never forget Mr. Rials’ father, Hardy Rials. They called him Preacher. When he preached he jumped up in the air for emphasis on a word he wanted to emphasize.
Then there was the Mitchell family, whose son, Jackie, grew up to be Picayune’s fire chief. Otis, Jackie’s dad, was the first policeman to patrol on a motorcycle. So Farrell Street has the distinction of producing two chiefs for the city. Then there was Clyde Davis and Wynalee, and sons Mark, Little John and Byran. Mark is editor of the History magazine, Little John lives at Henleyfield and Byran still resides in Roseland Park near the elementary school. Clyde, brother to Austin and son of Will, served in both World War II and the Korean War. Then there was Will and Bertha Loveless Davis. Will was wounded in the Battle of the Argonne Forest in World War I. His grandson, Larry, son of Clarence, who lived on Davis Lane, would later marry my sister, Linda. My other sister, Roberta, married Glen Brady, who at one time was the head of the Masons in Mississippi. There was also Douglas Davis, son of Will and brother to Clarence, Clyde and Austin. Douglas was reputed to be the most handsome man in South Mississippi, according to the ladies. He favored Elvis. Will’s daughter, Dymple, married Otis and her son was Jackie. She lives on the Will Davis homestead. Clyde is 80 and still alive.
Clarence acquired 10 acres over on Davis Lane. He married Lois Bertha Kendrick and their children were Larry, Gary, Randy, Joan and Nancy, known always as sister. Randy recently died in Gulfport. Larry later married my sister, Linda, and they had a son Hoyt, who married Sandy, and they had a son, whom they named Will, after Will Davis, the father of all the Roseland Park Davis boys. Lois, Larry’s mother, who remembers meeting out under the oaks as a child when Roseland Park Baptist Church was formed, still lives on the Davis homestead. She’s 90. She was baptised in Boley in the first baptismal service held by the church.
And do you remember “Granny” Loveless, Bertha Loveless Davis’ mother, Will’s mother-in-law. She would come walking down Farrell Street to visit her daughter, pulling her little red wagon behind her in which she carried her stuff. She pulled a wagon instead of carrying a purse. And oh yes, I forgot to say, everyone mostly walked back then unless they had to go to town, and many walked to town and back, too. I will never forget seeing Mrs. Williams and Louise walking by the house on the way to Picayune to do some shopping on Saturday morning.
Then there was Clarence “Bonehead” Smith, a World War I veteran who lived on a disability. Until the day he left Farrell Street, he fed and kept a mule with which to plow his spring garden. He never used it during any other time, and just fed and cared for it the rest of the year, and I guess talked to it all the time. He talked to the mule and the mule understood every word he said. I would stand there all day and watch him plow his garden every spring time, and watch him talk to his mule, who responded promptly to every command and motion of his hands. Before daylight in planting time, I would hear the chains and harnesses jingling before daylight as Clarence got his mule ready for the day’s work. Curry Davis and Thomas Smith used to ride the mule when Clarence wasn’t around.
Going down Downs Street there were the Austin Davis family, consisting of mom Helen, who could find more mayhaw trees than anyone I ever saw, and children Brenda, Aundrey, and Curry and Betty Sue. Curry was a character. Every March he would show me how to build a kite; you couldn’t buy one then; they were too expensive, and Curry always had a shiny new beebee gun. Curry was constantly looking for opportunities to play practical jokes on anyone. That’s something kids don’t do anymore, but it was a way kids back then entertained themselves, by playing practical jokes. Some of the jokes I cannot repeat here. At the end of Downs was the Mansfield Downs family, with mother Ella Mae, and daughters Jennie and Jerry. Mansfield was a noted conservationist and wrote the most beautiful poem I have ever read, entitled, “Adam’s Tithe.”
On down Farrell Street were the Magries; Jeremy is a detective with the police dept. and Chris is a clerk at Dollar General. There was the Warrens and the McCartys. I have to stop at the McCartys for there lived one named Dale, who could construct the most elaborate and large spacious tree houses, build the biggest swings in the biggest oaks, and climb to the very top of any tree in Roseland Park. John Carroll called him The Fox, and it stuck. That’s what we still call him. He was always pulling practical jokes, and once slipped two cherry bombs underneath my bedroom floor, ingeniously connected to a candle. While tucked away in his bed down at his house, he saw the flash go off, but he did not get to see me get lifted off my floor about six inches from the concussion. I knew immediately who did it, but couldn’t prove anything. My cat wondered around for days, temporarily blinded from the flash. Thomas Smith says McCarty tied a dead dog to the back of a man’s car parked outside Graeber’s one time and off the man drove down Hwy. 11, dragging the dog behind his car and later into his driveway.
Next lived Mr. and Mrs. Spiers, and Mrs. Spiers had the most beautiful satsuma tree growing in her chicken yard that always had thousands of large white blossoms on it but it never had any satsumas. That’s because Thomas Smith, Walter Lee Frierson, Jackie Mitchell and Dale McCarty, and yours truly, at night sneaked into Mrs. Spiers chicken yard and stole every satsuma that grew on the tree before Mrs. Spiers could harvest it. I know this because Mrs. Spiers was talking to my mother one day and told her, “Miss Fannie, I have the strangest Satsuma tree. It always has pretty blooms on it but it never bears fruit.” I knew instantly what was going on and the answer to her consternation but I didn’t say anything.
Then across the street from the Spiers was the Stockstills, the JP; Mrs. Fern Stockstill taught me in second grade, and around to the right was the Taylors, father Irish and sons Danny Roy, Leslie and Jimmy. Jimmy died young in an accident, and it was a tragedy for the whole community. Everybody grieved for the family . And there was Nelly Taylor and sister Sherrie. Sherrie, a realtor in Picayune, married Rev. Edward Pullens, son of Jr. Jr.’s mother Jannie, was my mother’s sister. Aunt Jannie married Floyd Pullens and they raised Robert, Dan, Jr. and the whole Pullens clan on Pullens hill between Roseland Park and Ozona. So you can see how everyone is connected in Roseland Park. On Circle Inn Drive were the Whites, the Norman Stockstill family (Norman a World War II prisoner of war, later became Postmaster here), Wayne White, whose family owned White’s Drive in, and then Walter Lee Frierson. The most beautiful sight I ever saw in my life was Sharon Herrin reclining in a 1957 convertible Chevrolet, sitting at the drive-in with her boyfriend getting something to eat. It was strictly a picture out of the 1950s with the music blaring out of the drive-in jukebox, “Love Me Tender.” I was only 12 at the time, just down there getting a hotdog, and I could not understand why I found her so interesting to look at.
And then there was the Dutch Smith family, Jeff and Thomas, part human, part fish. Thomas and Jeff, when they showed up at the new Bridge swimhole dove in and never came up again. We would search for them, thinking they were in trouble, and then they would come up around the bend and hide. Finally they would swim back under water and come up. We eventually learned what they were doing. My sister Roberta says Thomas probably saved her life. The girls and boys were down at New Bridge swimhole one day swimming and playing on the white sand beach. She knew how to swim but not tread water. She stepped in a deep hole right off the beach and began bobbing up and down. Thomas noticed she was in trouble, reached over and grabed her by the hair of the head and plopped her on the beach. Nobody noticed. Everyone just went right on with having fun, including Thomas. “It was just plop and it was over. A life saved and nobody paid any attention,” she said.
But anybody who wanted to know how the old folks were had nothing to do but talk a little while with Dutch Smith. This was the nicest, most honest and understanding human being that ever walked planet earth. His word was his bond. They don’t make them anymore like him. He built a boat and I know it was stolen or lost a hundred times by the kids of the neighborhood, everyone saying as they left, “Don’t worry Mr. Smith we will bring it right back.” Dutch retrieved that boat each time himself with the help of his boys and never once did I hear him complain or utter a harsh word. I somehow believe that he knew how we were but he just couldn’t say no because he knew how much fun we were having with his boat.
Then at the Circle Inn was Dennis Smith. I remember Dennis, and one time after about 30 years had passed I woke up one morning and asked myself, “My Lord, I wonder what in hell happened to Dennis Smith?” Have you ever done that about someone you knew long ago. Well, does anyone know?
Then around the corner on to Carroll Street was the Elmer Carroll family: Dennis, James and John and Lynnie Faye. James grew up to be one of the best baseball pitchers ever turned out here. He could throw a fast ball so hard that Joe Druden, who caught for him actually developed blisters on his hand and broke a few fingers catching James’s fast ball. I watched him strike out 18 batters one time against Biloxi, and he went on to play football and baseball at Mississippi State. James helped State win two SEC baseball championships while pitching for the Bulldogs. He was drafted by the New York Giants and when he showed up at Spring Training, the Giant pitching coach threw him a ball and glove and said, “Carroll you are pitching batting practice today.” The first batter up: Willie Mayes. Wow!
And nobody knows this, but John Carroll invented put-put golf. He would have been worth millions if he had known how to market it. He scrapped off the grass, dug little golf holes in his yard and with little sticks shaped like golf clubs we put-putted all over his yard. That was in the 1950s. Mary Vonne, their mother, published a book of poetry one time. I have a copy signed by her and they are the most beautiful and touching poems I have ever read. She was a Godly woman. Lynnie Faye, her daughter, was my wife’s best friend. Elmer was a first-rate master carpenter.
Remember the beautiful Jordan girls, and the Scoggines, Jimmy, and his two brothers, Clegg and I forget.
And then there was “Sammy” Carpenter. “James Carroll, quit it, dang it,” was his favorite saying. Sammy was a challenged individual suffering from Down’s syndrome. But you know what. Everybody accepted Sammy as one of the gang and he played right along with us. There was no separation back then of the handicapped. They were accepted just as they were; no questions asked. I remember Sammy’s brother, Jimmy and he had another brother, too, both normal. Mrs. Carpenter loved her boys. They lived right next to Roseland Park Elementary School.
Remember the Amackers living on Laird, Huey and David. Huey and David moved to New Orleans and we sort of lost touch with them.
I know there were a lot of pioneers living down Carroll but I was not too familiar with them. I remember the Wheats lived across from the Carrolls. I remember Mrs. Doolittle lived right in the corner of Carroll and Adcox, and then if you got on down about halfway down Adcox Road, there resided Gerald Harris and Charles Henry Harris, nicknamed Hawk. Gerald, who owns a barbecue place in Salem community now, hung out with Arnold Stockstill, Granville Stockstill’s oldest brother, and I became close friends with Charles Henry, because I considered him to be, along with Billy Ray Jarrell and Dale McCarty, one of the best squirrel hunters in the history of Roseland Park, and there is no doubt he had the best squirrel dog ever to perform in these parts, Pup. Old Pup; we would hunt for days with that dog all through the forests that surrounded Roseland Park, and kill literally hundreds of squirrels as old Pup treed squirrel after squirrel. It was not unusual to see three or four young boys walking down one of the streets with a rifle or shotgun slung over their shoulders, going hunting along Boley Creek. Carl Harris was Hawk’s father and Gerald’s brother.
Down Carter there lived Granville, Munroe and Arold Stockstill. Granville was our quarterback in high school, and a good one in 1963, leading us to a 7-3 record. Arnold had the driest sense of humor I ever saw. Arnold lives on the coast and Munroe recently died, and Granville lives about three houses down from where he was reared. Next to Granville lived Granville’s grandmother, Aunt Lizzie, we affectionately called here, and she was the most Godly lady I ever knew. People’s character really shinned back then, because sometimes, that’s all they had, their character and their word.
Next to Granville lived Mrs. J.B. McCaskell, called Maudella, a charter member of Roslenad Park Baptist Church. J.B. served as police chief also, I believe so that makes three chiefs turned out by Roseland Park.
And down where Adcox met East Sycamore met there lived the Herrins. Now I remember Runt and Mrs. Herrin and Granny Herrin, who I will always remember seeing walk across the yard everyday going to see Runt. “Big Boy” Herrin is Runt’s brother, and still is active, walking the Boulevard about every day. One time they took Granny to town and bought her some ice cream and it came in a cone. After she ate the ice cream, she pitched the cone out the window. “Granny, you were supposed to eat that, too,” one of the Herrin boys told her. “Huh, I ain’t eaten that cardboard,” she replied. There was Harry Wayne, D.W. and R.S. and there were other older boys I didn’t know very well. I remember trying to talk Harry Wayne into to going to college with me, but he refused, saying he was tired of school. “I am just going to paint with dad,” he said. “You can’t do that when you are old, “ I told him. The last I heard Harry Wayne owned 26 rental homes and an apartment complex. So much for a college education. And then there was Sharon, always Sharon, the most beautiful girl in Picayune. We boys as we got into our teens constantly rode our bikes back and forth past the Herrins, just hoping Sharon would be out in the yard and we’d get a glance at her.
Right across the street from the Herrins was Louis and Percy Necaise. And across Adcox Street were the Jarrells, wife Opal, father Horace and sons Billy Ray and David and Jimmy and little sister Betty. Betty and her husband the last I heard own five McDonald’s, one in Picayune, and David builds oil refineries all over the world. He lives in Georgia and Betty lives in Columbia, Miss. Jimmy is still kicking, too.
Headed west up Sycamore were the Gibsons, Sharon, Dianne and Glen, with father Henry and mother Jessie. I married Dianne, and had three kids by her, John David, Andy and Ann. Further west up Sycamore was the Frierson’s – Reggie, a former city manager, Charles and Larry. Their father was Buford. Next next door was Doug and Jackie Nell McQueen, whose father was Jack. Doug McQueen was literally the most intelligent guy I have ever known along with Johnny Lavigne. Both had photographic memories, and so did Jackie Nell.
And let us never forget that over on West Sycamore, just a little ways down Megehee Street, where it all started, lived Mary Jim Robinson, who rivaled Sharon in beauty. Mary Jim could climb the tallest tree with the boys and even was tough enough to play football with us. And man did we love to play football with Mary Jim. She is now Mary Jim Weems, the advertising director of the Item. On down Sycamore was the Manuel Frierson family. There was Bennan, Michael Wayne, Soup Bone Frierson, Cyder Bill, Paul. The patriarch was Manuel. He was an old-time character. Manuel’s son was Henry.
Next to the Frierson’s was Johnny, Shirly and Jimmy Hartfield, and across the street were Harold and Jimmy Loveless, both now deceased. Harold’s dad was Bertha Davis’s brother.
And we can’t forget that up on Acorn Lane was the Leasanbees, Michael and Diane. Michael’s dad owned the John Deere franchise and it was located right where Claiborne Hill is today. And right next to them lived Curtis Albritton, who worked at the Coke plant, just across the street. The coke plant sat right where McDonald’s does today. Curtis was my Sunday school teacher, and if ever there was more of an example of what a Christian should be and how one should lead their life I haven’t heard. Mrs. Albritton still lives there and Jimmy, their son, retired in Picayune after ministering about 30 years as a pastor.
Well, I will be shot for leaving someone out. I also remember Raymond and Kenny Hendricks who lived in the Park awhile. Kenny was killed in Vietnam. And Richard and Raymond Sanderson, who actually lived on Canal Street in town but biked over to the Park everyday because they had so much fun there. I remember the barber Willie Ray Penton and brother Charles, who lived here before moving to Carriere; the Pentons lived in the little houses built along Hwy. 11 just north of Graeber’s store. I remember they were right on Hwy. 11, only a few steps away, and we would set out there on the front porch and wave when a car came by. There weren’t that many. Please forgive me if I left someone out. I know I did. But that generally was the people I knew.
(You can leave a reply at the bottom here and leave those whom you remember. Or you can email me and I will add it on.)
A list of candidates for Picayune City Council election
Posted by admin in Local Politics & Issues on April 23rd, 2009
MITCHELL AND BOUNDS’ DECISION NOT TO RUN WILL ASSURE AT LEAST TWO NEW CANDIDATES WILL GET ON THE COUNCIL
Following is a list of the candidates for the upcoming Picayune city elections. The First Primary is May 5, Second Primary May 19 and General Election June 2.
In the race for mayor are Frank Egger (D), Ezell Lee (D), Ed Pinero (R) and Mark Thorman (D). Current mayor, Greg Mitchell, is not seeking re-election.
In the races for councilman are:
Precinct 1: Jeff Lossett (R) and Larry Elliot Watkins (R). Watkins is the incumbent.
Precinct 2: Lynn Bogan Bumpers (Ind), Kimberly R. Chapman (D), Robert Jefferson (D) and Donald L. Parker (D). Parker is the incumbent.
Precinct 3: Jason Todd Lane (R) and Anna Bales Turnage (R). Turnage is the incumbent.
Precinct 4: Larry E. Breland Sr. (D) and Leavern Guy (D). Guy is the incumbent.
Precinct 5: Howard Alexander (R), Wayne Gouguet (R) and Jeff Harrington (R). Incumbent Jerry Bounds is not seeking re-election.
At the polls, you will declare in what primary you want to vote, either Republican or Democrat. However, what primary you vote in for the First Primary determines what premary you have to vote in in the Second Primary. In the General Election, you can vote for whomever you want to.
COMMENTARY: Obama’s First 100 Days
Posted by admin in Commentary on April 30th, 2009
The mainstream media is much abuzz right now about how successful President Obama’s first 100 days were. Remember, he promised us “Change You Can Believe In.”
In a review of his first 100 days, Obama himself told newsmen that he felt he has been successful, that he inherited a trillion-dollar deficit from Bush and that he has plans to do even better than his first 100 days.
Well, let’s see now.
He inherited a trillion-dollar budget and will over the next 10 years add another 10 trillion to it. He is in the process of leveling financially all citizens down to equal pay by taxing the hell out of the rich and transferring it to the poor and middle class. Yes, most will get a tax break, but it will be taken from other productive Americans.
Remember what he told Joe the Plummer: “I would like to spread the wealth.” And he’s going to do just that.
We are on a governmental spending benge that will make FDR’s pump-priming in the 30s look like a DAR tea party. When Obama is through he will have spent more money and have run up higher deficits than all other presidential administrations combined since the founding of the country.
Japan and Europe has already tried this, and there is a big debate among economists whether the socialist European, pump-priming model or the Reagan tax cut, supply-side economic model works best in a recession, or a depression. So, we will find out now.
I believe that eventually the chickens will come home to roost with a vengeance. Obama and the Federal Reserve will have to dig themselves out of this spending spree either by inflating the money or high, draconian taxes.
We might even be hit with both: a dwindling dollar value that will cut the value of your savings drastically and at the same time heavy taxation. Japan struggled a decade with slow growth and recession before going to the Reagan model.
I would say that Congress, overjoyed with the green light on spending, are spending like “drunken sailors,” the old cliche, but that really is an insult to drunken sailors.
So, we will sit by and patiently watch the drama play out. We will see who is right. But if it turns out that Obama and his advisors are wrong, we will have hell to pay for letting him go.
I was recently at the Pearl River Patriots meeting at the Church of Way on April 24, and there was a guy there named Greg Herrin, who was passing out a copy of a quote from a history professor named Alexander Tyler. That’s all he was doing, just passing out the flyer. I don’t think he was associated with the group. He said he was a Libertarian.
I had seen the quote before, but never could lay hands on it again, until Herrin gave me a copy. Here’s what his flyer said:
“Ask Yourself, At What State of Democracy are We?
“At about the time our original 13 states adopted their new constitution in 1787, a Scottish history professor by the name of Professor Alexander Tyler had this to say about ‘The Fall of the Athenian Republic’ over 2,000 years previous to that date.
’A democracy cannot exist as a permanent form of government. It can only exist until the voters discover that they can vote themselves largesse (generous gifts) from the public treasury. From that moment on, the majority always votes for the candidates promising the most benefits from the public treasury, with the result that a democracy always collapses over loose fiscal policy, (which is then) always followed by a dictatorship. The average age of the world’s greatest civilizations has been approximately two hundred years. These nations have progressed through this sequence. From bondage to spiritual faith; from spiritual faith to great courage; from courage to liberty; from liberty to abundance; from abundance to complacency; from complacency to apathy; from apathy to dependence and immorality; and from dependence and immorality back into bondage.’ ”
I hate to say it, but I think we are near the last stage. I don’t know what will happen to save us! We need a gigantic religious revival and return to the Lord. Maybe that is the only thing that will save our country and each of us!
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